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Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)

1. Concern for Physical Health (Based on verbal report)
Refers to excessive concern about one's health, regardless of whether there is objective basis for the complaint.
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Concern for Physical Health
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
2. Anxiety (Based on verbal report)
Refers to mental anxiety, that is, worry, fear, or excessive concern about current and future situations.
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Anxiety
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
3. Emotional Communication Disorder (Based on observational assessment)
Refers to an invisible barrier with the examiner, making normal emotional communication impossible.
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Emotional Communication Disorder
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
4. Conceptual Disorganization (Based on verbal report)
Refers to the degree of loose associations, disorganized thinking, and disintegration.
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Conceptual Disorganization
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
5. Guilt Feelings (Based on verbal report)
Refers to excessive concern about past behaviors, feelings of guilt, and remorse.
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Guilt Feelings
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
6. Tension (Based on observational assessment)
Refers to anxiety-related motor manifestations.
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Tension
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
7. Posturing and Mannerisms (Based on observational assessment)
Refers to unusual or unnatural motor behaviors.
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Posturing and Mannerisms
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
8. Exaggeration (Based on verbal report)
Refers to excessive self-importance and the belief in possessing unusual talents and powers.
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Exaggeration
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
9. Mood Depression (Based on verbal report)
Refers to the degree of poor mood, sadness, depression, or low emotional state.
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Mood Depression
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
10. Hostility (Based on verbal report)
Refers to hatred, hostility, and contempt towards others (excluding the examiner).
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Hostility
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
11. Suspicion (Based on verbal report)
Refers to the belief that someone is currently or has previously treated the examiner maliciously.
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Suspicion
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
12. Hallucination (Based on verbal report)
Refers to perceptions without corresponding external stimuli.
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Hallucination
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
13. Motor Activity (Based on observational assessment)
Refers to the reduction and slowing of speech, movement, and behavior.
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Motor Activity
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
14. Non-cooperation (Based on observational assessment)
Refers to opposition, unfriendliness, dissatisfaction, or non-cooperation towards the examiner during the interview.
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Non-cooperation
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
15. Unusual Thought Content (Based on verbal report)
Refers to absurd and bizarre thought content.
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Unusual Thought Content
Not measured
None
Very mild
Mild
Moderate
Marked
Severe
Extremely severe
16. Emotional Flatness (Based on Observation)
Refers to a low emotional tone, clearly lacking appropriate normal emotional responses.
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Emotional Flatness
Not Measured
None
Very Mild
Mild
Moderate
Moderately Severe
Severe
Extremely Severe
17. Excitement (Based on Observation)
Refers to an elevated emotional tone, agitation, and an enhanced reaction to the external environment.
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Excitement
Not Measured
None
Very Mild
Mild
Moderate
Moderately Severe
Severe
Extremely Severe
18. Orientation Disorder (Based on Verbal Description)
Refers to difficulty distinguishing between people, places, or time.
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Orientation Disorder
Not Measured
None
Very Mild
Mild
Moderate
Moderately Severe
Severe
Extremely Severe
Total Score:
Anxiety and Depression Factor:
Lack of Vitality Factor:
Thinking Disorder Factor:
Activation Factor:
Hostility and Suspicion Factor:

Result Interpretation

Score Description
Total Score
(18-126)		 Reflects the severity of the disease; the higher the total score, the more severe the condition. The change in total score before and after treatment reflects the efficacy; a greater difference indicates better efficacy. Generally, an entry criterion in research can be set at >35 points.
Sub-item Score
(0-7)		 Reflects the distribution of symptoms and the severity of target symptoms. Changes before and after treatment can reflect changes in target symptoms. Since BPRS is a graded scale, it can more precisely reflect therapeutic efficacy.
Factor Score
(0-7)		 Reflects the distribution of symptom groups and the clinical characteristics of the disease, and can thus map out a symptom group profile. Generally categorized into five factors: Anxiety and Depression: includes items 1, 2, 5, 9; Lack of Vitality: includes items 3, 13, 16, 18; Thinking Disorder: includes items 4, 8, 12, 15; Activation: consists of items 6, 7, 17; Hostility and Suspicion: consists of items 10, 11, 14.

Instructions

1. BPRS is a rating scale for assessing the severity of psychotic symptoms, suitable for most patients with severe mental illness exhibiting psychotic symptoms, especially suitable for schizophrenia patients.

2. This scale is of moderate length, with reasonable symptom items, capable of comprehensively reflecting the patient's mental status while being relatively simple and easy to master, widely accepted by most psychiatric practitioners, suitable for routine clinical application and collaborative research.

3. The most commonly used version of BPRS is the 18-item version. All items use a 1-7 scoring method with seven levels: (1) No Symptoms, (2) Suspected or Very Mild, (3) Mild, (4) Moderate, (5) Moderately Severe, (6) Severe, (7) Extremely Severe. If not measured, it is recorded as 0 points and should be excluded in statistics.

References

Research Paper Compiled by the Editorial Committee of Chinese Behavioral Medicine Science. "Behavioral Medicine Scale Manual" (2005 CD Version) [M]. China Medical Electronic Audio-Video Publishing House, 2005 Research Paper Overall JE, et al. Major psychiatric disorders: a four-dimensional model. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1967;16:146–51.
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