Differentiation Between Spinal Shock and Spinal Concussion

Key Points for Differentiation	Spinal Shock	Spinal Concussion
1. Type of Spinal Injury	Severe spinal injury	Mild spinal injury
2. Changes in Neural Function	Complete loss of sensation, movement, and reflexes	Sensation, movement, and reflexes may be absent but some may be preserved
3. Degree of Paralysis	Complete paralysis	Incomplete paralysis
4. Deep Sensation Around the Anus	Absent	Preserved
5. Voluntary Contraction of the Anal Sphincter	Absent	Preserved
6. Bulbocavernosus Reflex and Anal Reflex	Mostly absent, some may be preserved	Preserved
7. Systemic Responses	Hypotension, hypothermia, bradycardia. Decreased cardiac output, respiratory limitation, etc.	No significant systemic responses
8. Recovery Time	Longer, several months or days	Short-lived, generally not exceeding 48 hours
9. Indicators of Recovery	Bulbocavernosus reflex and anal reflex appear first, followed by tendon reflexes, recovering from the sacral segments to proximal	Voluntary movements appear, sensation and reflexes recover
10. Final Outcome	Incomplete spinal injury may recover to incomplete paralysis, while complete spinal injury remains complete paralysis	Recovery to normal levels