Common Clinical Fluid Components and Tonicity

Solution Type	Electrolyte Concentration (mmol/L)				Electrolyte Osmolarity (Osm/L)	Tonicity	Remarks
Solution Type	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	HCO₃^-	Electrolyte Osmolarity (Osm/L)	Tonicity	Remarks
5% Glucose	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	Commonly used to dilute electrolyte solutions
10% Glucose	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	^-	Commonly used to dilute electrolyte solutions
0.9% Sodium Chloride	154		154		308	Isotonic	Not suitable for correcting metabolic acidosis
2:1 Solution (Isotonic Na Solution)	158		105	53	316	Isotonic	Composed of 2 parts 0.9% NaCl and 1 part 1.4% NaHCO3, and 10% GS (no tonicity, used for dilution).
Modified Darrow's Solution (MD Solution)	117	40	104	53	314	Isotonic	Can be given after urination
5% Sodium Bicarbonate	500			500	1000	Hypertonic	Needs to be diluted 3 times to make isotonic solution
1/6 mol/L Sodium Lactate	167			167	334	Isotonic
1.4% Sodium Bicarbonate	167			167	334	Isotonic
Half-strength MD Solution	58.5	20	52	26.5	157	Hypotonic
Physiological Maintenance Solution	30	20	50		100	Hypotonic	Maintains physiological water and electrolyte needs
Compound Electrolyte Glucose Injection (MG₃)	50	20	50	20	140	Hypotonic
Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)	90	20	80	30	220	Hypotonic	Suitable for mild to moderate dehydration to replenish accumulated and ongoing losses