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Back| Requirement | Items |
|---|---|
| A | Patients at high risk of developing heart failure: their physical condition is highly likely to develop into heart failure. These patients have no obvious organic or functional abnormalities of the pericardium, myocardium, or heart valves, and have never experienced symptoms or signs of heart failure. |
| B | Patients have organic heart disease and are highly likely to develop heart failure. However, symptoms or signs of heart failure have not yet appeared. |
| C | Patients exhibit symptoms or pre-symptoms of heart failure related to underlying conditions. |
| D | Patients have severe organic heart disease, and obvious symptoms of heart failure occur even at rest, with maximum medication treatment still unable to relieve symptoms. These patients require special therapeutic measures. |
Explanation
The chronic heart failure classification standards established by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC-AHA) (published in 2001) emphasize both the outcomes of chronic heart failure development and its evolution process, while also proposing early intervention methods to ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality.
This classification divides heart failure into four stages, with only the last two stages meeting the traditional diagnosis of chronic heart failure, possessing diagnostic or identification significance. The AHA/ACC staging is, in fact, a supplement to the NYHA classification, focusing on assessing the severity of symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure at stages C or D.
