| Ventricular Diameter |
End-Diastolic Diameter (EDD) |
|
|
| End-Systolic Diameter (ESD) |
|
45-55 mm |
| End-Fast Filling Diameter (SFD) |
|
25-37 mm |
| End-Slow Filling Diameter (RFD) |
|
|
| Diameter Change |
△D = EDD - ESD |
|
15-20 mm |
| Fractional Shortening |
FS = △D/EDD × 100% |
|
30.7% ± 0.54% |
| Ventricular Volume |
V = D3 End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
| Or = |
D3 |
× |
7
(2.4 + D) |
,End-Systolic Volume (ESV) |
End-Fast Filling Volume (RFDV)
End-Slow Filling Volume (SFDV)
|
|
100-125 ml 30-40 ml |
| Stroke Volume |
SV = EDV - ESD |
|
89 ± 16 ml |
| Cardiac Output |
CO = (SV × HR)/100 Heart Rate (HR) |
|
4-6 L/min |
| Cardiac Index |
CI = CO/BSA (Body Surface Area) |
|
2.6-4 L/min/m2 |
| Ejection Fraction |
EF = (SV/EDV) × 100% |
|
70% ± 7% |
| Fast Filling Volume |
RFV = RFDV - ESV |
|
|
| Fast Filling Fraction |
RFF = (RFV/SV) × 100% |
|
65% ± 17% |
| Fast Filling Rate |
RFR = RFV/e-f (Fast Filling Time) |
|
476 ± 146 ml/s |
| Slow Filling Volume |
SFF = (SFV/SV) × 100% |
|
14% ± 11% |
| Ventricular A-Wave Rate |
VAW% = [(EDD - SFD)/SFD] × 100 |
|
4% ± 2.4% |
| Left Ventricular Ejection Time |
LVET = A-A Aortic Valve Opening Point A Aortic Valve Closing Point A |
|
296 ± 19 ms |
| Pre-Ejection Period (Synchronized with ECG) |
PEP = Q-A |
|
91 ± 5 ms |
| Pre-Ejection Period/Ejection Time |
PEP/LVET |
|
< 0.36 |
| Isovolumic Contraction Time (Synchronized with ECG) |
ICT = PEP - (Q-M) Mitral Valve Closing Point M |
|
70 ± 9 ms |
| Isovolumic Relaxation Time (Synchronized with Phonocardiogram) |
IRT = Second Heart Sound Aortic Valve High-Frequency Component to Mitral Valve Opening Point D |
|
90 ± 10 ms |
| Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure (Synchronized with ECG and Phonocardiogram) |
LVEDP = 21.6 × (QC/AE) + 1.1 QC, QRS Onset to Mitral Valve C Point Time AE, Second Heart Sound Aortic Valve High-Frequency Component to Mitral Valve Peak Time |
|
10.9 ± 1.3 mmHg |
| Left Ventricular Muscle Mass |
M = 1.05 × [(EDD + SWT + PWT) - EDV] Septal Wall Thickness (SWT), Posterior Wall Thickness (PWT) |
|
|
| Left Ventricular Muscle Mass Index |
M/BSA |
|
99.21 ± 21.78 g/m2 |
| Body Surface Area |
BSA = (0.0061 × H + 0.0128 × W) - 0.1529 Height (H) in cm, Weight (W) in kg |
|
|
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