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Back| No. | Reference Criteria |
|---|---|
| ① | Blood glucose ≥33 mmol/L |
| ② | Effective plasma osmolality ≥320 mOsm/L |
| ③ | Serum bicarbonate ≥15 mmol/L or arterial blood pH ≥7.30 |
| ④ | Strongly positive urine glucose, but urine ketones negative or weakly positive |
Explanation
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS): HHS is a serious acute complication of diabetes, clinically characterized by severe hyperglycemia without significant ketoacidosis, markedly elevated plasma osmolality, dehydration, and altered consciousness.
The incidence of HHS is lower than that of DKA and is more common in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, typically occurring between the ages of 50 to 70. The incidence is similar between men and women, and about two-thirds of patients have no prior history of diabetes or only mild symptoms.
