1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( C_2 = C_1 \times \frac{V_1}{V_2} \) calculates the concentration of a solution after dilution. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (M)

Explanation: The equation shows that the final concentration is proportional to the ratio of initial to final volumes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine, and many industrial processes where precise concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (M for concentration, L for volume). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as both V₁ and V₂ are in the same units (mL, L, etc.), the calculation will be correct.

Q2: What if my final volume is less than initial volume?
A: This would represent concentration, not dilution, and isn't physically meaningful in normal circumstances.

Q3: Does this work for any concentration unit?
A: Yes, as long as C₁ and C₂ use the same units (M, mM, %, etc.).

Q4: How precise should my measurements be?
A: Precision depends on your application. For most lab work, 3-4 significant figures is typical.

Q5: Can I use this for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, but you'll need to calculate each step separately or use the formula \( C_f = C_i \times (DF)^n \) where DF is dilution factor and n is number of dilutions.