1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂) describes how the concentration of a solution changes when it is diluted with solvent. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (M)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The equation shows that the final concentration is proportional to the ratio of initial to final volumes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine, and many industrial processes where precise solution concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all three known values (C₁, V₁, V₂) in their respective units. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different units for volume?
A: Yes, as long as V₁ and V₂ are in the same units (both mL or both L), the calculation will be correct.

Q2: What if I know C₂ but need to find V₂?
A: The equation can be rearranged: \( V_2 = \frac{C_1 \times V_1}{C_2} \)

Q3: Does this work for any concentration unit?
A: Yes, as long as C₁ and C₂ are in the same units (M, mM, %, etc.).

Q4: What about serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, multiply the dilution factors at each step to get the total dilution factor.

Q5: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: The calculation assumes volumes are additive, which is approximately true for dilute aqueous solutions at constant temperature.