1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often called "bad cholesterol," contributes to fatty buildups in arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrows the arteries and increases risk for heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease.

2. The UK LDL Calculation Formula

The calculator uses the UK formula for LDL calculation:

Where:

• \( LDL \) — Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( HDL \) — High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mmol/L)

Note: This formula is valid when triglycerides are below 4.5 mmol/L. For higher values, direct measurement is recommended.

3. LDL Cholesterol Levels Interpretation

UK Guidelines:

• Optimal: Below 2.6 mmol/L
• Near optimal: 2.6-3.3 mmol/L
• Borderline high: 3.4-4.1 mmol/L
• High: 4.1-4.9 mmol/L
• Very high: Above 4.9 mmol/L

These values may vary based on individual risk factors. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized interpretation.

4. Using the Calculator

Instructions: Enter your lipid profile values in mmol/L (UK standard units). The calculator will compute your LDL cholesterol using the standard UK formula.

Note: For accurate results, blood tests should be performed after 9-12 hours of fasting.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is LDL called "bad cholesterol"?
A: LDL carries cholesterol to tissues and can deposit it in artery walls, leading to atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk.

Q2: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Adults should have a lipid profile every 4-6 years. Those with risk factors may need more frequent testing.

Q3: What affects LDL levels?
A: Diet, exercise, weight, genetics, medications, and certain medical conditions all influence LDL cholesterol.

Q4: How can I lower my LDL?
A: Lifestyle changes (healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management) and medications (like statins) can effectively lower LDL.

Q5: Is calculated LDL as accurate as direct measurement?
A: Calculation works well for most people with normal triglycerides. Direct measurement is better for those with high triglycerides (>4.5 mmol/L).