1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often called "bad" cholesterol, contributes to fatty buildups in arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrows the arteries and increases risk for heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald equation:

Where:

• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( HDL \) — HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Note: This equation is valid only when triglycerides are below 400 mg/dL. For higher levels, direct LDL measurement is needed.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Monitoring and managing LDL levels is crucial for preventing heart attacks and strokes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter your latest lipid panel results in mg/dL. All values must be positive numbers. For accurate results, fast for 9-12 hours before blood draw.

5. LDL Cholesterol Categories

LDL Level (mg/dL)	Category
<100	Optimal
100-129	Near optimal/above optimal
130-159	Borderline high
160-189	High
≥190	Very high

6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is LDL called "bad" cholesterol?
A: LDL carries cholesterol to your arteries where it can accumulate in artery walls, forming plaques that narrow arteries.

Q2: What's the ideal LDL level?
A: For most people, below 100 mg/dL is optimal. For those with heart disease or diabetes, below 70 mg/dL may be recommended.

Q3: When is this calculation not accurate?
A: When triglycerides are ≥400 mg/dL, in non-fasting samples, or with certain conditions like type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia.

Q4: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Adults should have a lipid panel every 4-6 years. Those with risk factors may need more frequent testing.

Q5: How can I lower my LDL?
A: Through diet (reduce saturated/trans fats), exercise, weight management, and if needed, cholesterol-lowering medications.