1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often called "bad cholesterol," contributes to fatty buildups in arteries (atherosclerosis). The Friedewald equation provides an estimate of LDL cholesterol when direct measurement isn't available.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald equation:

Where:

• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( HDL \) — HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Note: This equation is valid only when triglycerides are less than 400 mg/dL. For higher values, direct LDL measurement is required.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Monitoring and managing LDL levels is crucial for cardiovascular health.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in mg/dL. The calculator requires total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels from a fasting lipid panel.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are normal LDL values?
A: Optimal LDL is <100 mg/dL. 100-129 is near optimal, 130-159 is borderline high, 160-189 is high, and ≥190 is very high.

Q2: When is the Friedewald equation not accurate?
A: When triglycerides are ≥400 mg/dL, in non-fasting samples, or with certain genetic lipid disorders.

Q3: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Adults should have a lipid panel every 4-6 years. Those with risk factors may need more frequent testing.

Q4: What's the difference between calculated and direct LDL?
A: Calculated LDL is an estimate, while direct LDL is measured directly in the lab. They usually correlate well when TG <400 mg/dL.

Q5: How can I lower my LDL?
A: Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) and medications (statins) can effectively lower LDL cholesterol.