1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂) describes how the concentration of a solution changes when it's diluted with solvent. It's based on the principle of conservation of mass - the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (M)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The equation shows that the final concentration is proportional to the ratio of initial to final volumes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry labs, pharmaceutical preparations, biological assays, and many industrial processes where precise concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (M for concentration, L for volume). Ensure all values are positive numbers. The calculator will compute the final concentration after dilution.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different units for volume?
A: Yes, as long as V₁ and V₂ are in the same units (both mL or both L), the calculation will be correct.

Q2: What if I know C₂ and need to find V₂?
A: Rearrange the equation: \( V_2 = (C_1 \times V_1) / C_2 \)

Q3: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, multiply the dilution factors at each step to get the overall dilution factor.

Q4: What's the maximum accuracy of this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically exact, but practical accuracy depends on measurement precision of volumes and concentrations.

Q5: Can this be used for non-molar concentration units?
A: Yes, the equation works for any concentration units (%, g/L, etc.) as long as C₁ and C₂ are in the same units.