1. What is DNA Concentration Dilution?

DNA concentration dilution is a process of reducing the concentration of a DNA sample by adding a diluent (typically water or buffer). This is commonly needed in molecular biology experiments to achieve optimal DNA concentrations for downstream applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (ng/μL)
• \( V_1 \) — Volume of initial solution (μL)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (μL)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration after dilution (ng/μL)

Explanation: The formula maintains the conservation of mass principle, where the total amount of DNA remains constant before and after dilution.

3. Importance of Accurate Dilution

Details: Precise DNA dilution is crucial for PCR, sequencing, and other molecular techniques where DNA concentration significantly affects reaction efficiency and results.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the initial concentration (C1), the volume of initial solution (V1), and the desired final volume (V2). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between dilution factor and concentration?
A: Dilution factor is V2/V1, while concentration is the actual DNA amount per unit volume after dilution.

Q2: How do I prepare a specific dilution factor?
A: Choose V2 as (dilution factor × V1). For 10-fold dilution, make V2 = 10×V1.

Q3: What's the best diluent for DNA?
A: Nuclease-free water or TE buffer (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) are commonly used.

Q4: How should I mix the diluted sample?
A: Gently pipette up and down or vortex briefly. Avoid excessive mixing that could shear DNA.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise, but actual results depend on measurement accuracy of pipettes and concentration determination.