1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( C_2 = C_1 \times \frac{V_1}{V_2} \) calculates the final concentration of a solution after dilution. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (M)

Explanation: The equation shows that concentration decreases proportionally as volume increases, while the total amount of solute remains constant.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine (especially pharmacology), and many industrial processes where precise solution concentrations are required.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (M for concentration, L for volume). Ensure all values are positive numbers. The final volume (V₂) must be greater than the initial volume (V₁) for dilution.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different units for volume?
A: Yes, as long as V₁ and V₂ use the same units (both mL or both L). The calculator currently uses liters (L).

Q2: What if I know C₂ and need to find V₂?
A: Rearrange the formula: \( V_2 = \frac{C_1 \times V_1}{C_2} \). We may add this calculation option in future updates.

Q3: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, you need to apply the formula sequentially for each dilution step.

Q4: What's the difference between dilution and concentration?
A: Dilution reduces concentration by adding solvent, while concentration increases it by removing solvent or adding solute.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically exact, but real-world accuracy depends on precise measurement of volumes and initial concentration.