1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula (M₂ = M₁ × V₁/V₂) calculates the new concentration (M₂) of a solution after dilution. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( M_1 \) — Initial molarity (concentration before dilution)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (volume of solution before dilution)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (volume of solution after dilution)
• \( M_2 \) — Final molarity (concentration after dilution)

Explanation: The formula shows that the concentration after dilution is directly proportional to the initial concentration and the ratio of initial to final volumes.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry labs, pharmaceutical preparations, and biological research to achieve desired concentrations for experiments and applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in M (mol/L), initial and final volumes in liters. All values must be positive numbers with initial and final volumes greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does the formula work?
A: The formula works because the number of moles of solute remains constant during dilution (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂).

Q2: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as V₁ and V₂ are in the same units (mL, L, etc.), the calculation will be correct.

Q3: What if my final volume is less than initial volume?
A: This would represent concentration, not dilution, and the final molarity would be higher than the initial.

Q4: Does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects solution volume slightly, but for most practical purposes at constant temperature, the formula is accurate.

Q5: How precise should my measurements be?
A: Precision depends on your application. For analytical work, measure volumes with volumetric flasks for highest accuracy.