1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation \( V_1 = \frac{M_2 \times V_2}{M_1} \) calculates the volume of stock solution needed to prepare a desired concentration and volume. This fundamental chemistry principle is based on the conservation of moles of solute before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( V_1 \) — Volume of stock solution needed (L)
• \( M_1 \) — Concentration of stock solution (M)
• \( V_2 \) — Desired final volume (L)
• \( M_2 \) — Desired final concentration (M)

Explanation: The equation maintains that the moles of solute remain constant before and after dilution (\( M_1V_1 = M_2V_2 \)).

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions of precise concentrations in laboratories, pharmaceutical preparations, and industrial processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all concentrations in molarity (M) and volumes in liters (L). Ensure stock concentration is higher than desired concentration.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different concentration units?
A: Yes, but all concentrations must be in the same units (e.g., all in M or all in mM).

Q2: What if my calculated V₁ is larger than V₂?
A: This means your stock solution is too dilute. You need a more concentrated stock solution.

Q3: How do I prepare the final solution?
A: Measure the calculated V₁ of stock solution and add solvent until total volume reaches V₂.

Q4: Does temperature affect dilution?
A: Temperature affects solution volume slightly, but for most purposes at constant temperature, the effect is negligible.

Q5: Can this be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, but you would need to perform the calculation for each dilution step separately.