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LDL Calculation Formula:
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LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often called "bad" cholesterol, contributes to fatty buildups in arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrows the arteries and increases risk for heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease.
The calculator uses the Friedewald formula:
Where:
Explanation: This formula estimates LDL cholesterol when a direct measurement isn't available. It assumes a fixed ratio of triglycerides to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol.
Details: LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Monitoring LDL levels helps assess cardiovascular risk and guide treatment decisions, such as whether to start cholesterol-lowering medications.
Tips: Enter all values in mg/dL. For accurate results, blood should be drawn after a 9-12 hour fast. The formula becomes less accurate when triglycerides are >400 mg/dL.
Q1: Why is LDL called "bad" cholesterol?
A: LDL carries cholesterol to tissues and can deposit it in artery walls, forming plaques that narrow arteries and increase cardiovascular risk.
Q2: What are optimal LDL levels?
A: Optimal is <100 mg/dL, near optimal is 100-129 mg/dL, borderline high is 130-159 mg/dL, high is 160-189 mg/dL, and very high is ≥190 mg/dL.
Q3: When is direct LDL measurement needed?
A: Direct measurement is preferred when triglycerides are >400 mg/dL, in diabetes, or when very high accuracy is needed.
Q4: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Adults should have cholesterol checked every 4-6 years. Those with risk factors may need more frequent testing.
Q5: Can LDL be too low?
A: Extremely low LDL (<40 mg/dL) may be associated with increased risk of certain conditions, but benefits of lowering LDL generally outweigh risks.