1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, often called "bad" cholesterol, contributes to fatty buildups in arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrows the arteries and increases risk for heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald equation:

Where:

• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( HDL \) — HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Note: This equation becomes less accurate with triglyceride levels >400 mg/dL. In such cases, a direct LDL measurement should be used.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Monitoring and managing LDL levels can significantly reduce risk of heart attack and stroke.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter your lipid panel results in mg/dL. For accurate results, blood should be drawn after 9-12 hours of fasting. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are optimal LDL levels?
A: Optimal is <100 mg/dL. For very high-risk patients, <70 mg/dL may be recommended.

Q2: Why is LDL called "bad" cholesterol?
A: LDL particles can accumulate in artery walls, forming plaques that narrow arteries and increase cardiovascular risk.

Q3: When is the Friedewald equation inaccurate?
A: When triglycerides >400 mg/dL, in non-fasting samples, or with certain genetic lipid disorders.

Q4: How can I lower my LDL?
A: Through diet (reduce saturated/trans fats), exercise, weight management, and medications like statins if needed.

Q5: What's the difference between calculated and direct LDL?
A: Calculated LDL estimates LDL-C from the formula, while direct LDL measures it directly in the lab (more accurate in some cases).