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Molar Concentration Formula:
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Molar concentration (also called molarity) is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L or M). It's one of the most commonly used units in chemistry for quantifying solution concentrations.
The calculator uses the molar concentration formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates how many moles of solute are present in each liter of solution. This fundamental relationship is used throughout chemistry for solution preparation and dilution calculations.
Details: Molarity is crucial for chemical reactions, as it determines how much of each reactant is present. It's essential for preparing solutions with precise concentrations, performing titrations, and calculating reaction yields.
Tips: Enter the amount of substance in moles and the volume in liters. Both values must be positive numbers. For best accuracy, use precise measurements of both the solute and solvent.
Q1: What's the difference between molarity and molality?
A: Molarity (M) is moles per liter of solution, while molality (m) is moles per kilogram of solvent. Molarity changes with temperature (due to volume changes), while molality doesn't.
Q2: How do I convert grams to moles for this calculator?
A: Divide the mass in grams by the molar mass of the substance (from the periodic table). For example, for NaCl (58.44 g/mol), 10 grams would be 10/58.44 = 0.171 moles.
Q3: What are typical molar concentrations in chemistry?
A: Common lab solutions range from 0.1M to 6M. Concentrated acids can be higher (e.g., 18M HCl). Biological systems often work in millimolar (mM) or micromolar (μM) ranges.
Q4: How does dilution affect molarity?
A: When you dilute a solution, the molarity decreases proportionally with the volume increase (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂).
Q5: Can I use milliliters instead of liters?
A: Yes, but you'll need to convert to liters first (divide mL by 1000) or adjust the formula to use mL (resulting in mmol/mL).