1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation \( C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \) describes how the concentration of a solution changes when it is diluted. It's based on the principle that the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial molarity (M)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final molarity (M)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution (L)

Explanation: The equation shows that concentration is inversely proportional to volume when the amount of solute is constant.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in preparing solutions of desired concentrations in laboratory, clinical, and industrial settings.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent units (M for molarity, L for volume). All values must be positive numbers. The final volume (V₂) must be greater than or equal to the initial volume (V₁) for dilution.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can this calculator be used for serial dilutions?
A: This calculates single-step dilutions. For serial dilutions, you would need to perform multiple calculations.

Q2: What if my volumes are in mL instead of liters?
A: You can use any volume unit as long as V₁ and V₂ are in the same units (e.g., both in mL).

Q3: Does temperature affect dilution calculations?
A: Temperature affects solution volume slightly, but for most purposes at constant temperature, this effect is negligible.

Q4: Can I use this for percent concentration?
A: The same principle applies, but you would need to ensure the percent concentration is expressed in the same way (w/v, v/v, etc.) before and after dilution.

Q5: What if I need to calculate the volume to add for a specific dilution?
A: Rearrange the equation to solve for V₂, then subtract V₁ to find the volume of diluent to add.