1. What is the Dilution Equation?

The dilution equation (C1V1 = C2V2) is a fundamental principle in chemistry that relates the concentrations and volumes of a solution before and after dilution. It's based on the principle of mass conservation, where the amount of solute remains constant during dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (molarity)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration after dilution
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume after dilution

Explanation: The equation states that the product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume after dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions of desired concentrations in laboratories, pharmaceutical preparations, and industrial processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter any three known values (C1, V1, C2, or V2) and leave one field empty to calculate the unknown value. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different units for volume and concentration?
A: The units must be consistent (e.g., if C1 is in M, C2 must also be in M; if V1 is in L, V2 must be in L).

Q2: What if I need to convert between units?
A: Convert all values to consistent units before calculation (e.g., mL to L, mM to M).

Q3: Does this equation work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, you need to apply the equation sequentially for each dilution step.

Q4: What are common mistakes when using this equation?
A: Common mistakes include unit inconsistencies, not accounting for significant figures, and misidentifying which variables are known/unknown.

Q5: How precise should my measurements be?
A: Precision depends on your application. Analytical chemistry often requires 4+ significant figures, while educational labs may use 2-3.